Heat-transfer device



Feb. 28, 1928. 1,661,011

B. J. PEPPER HEAT TRANSFER nEvrcE Jan. 27, 1925 3 sheets-sheet 1 Fen za, :92a

B. J. PEPPER HEAT TRANSFER DEVICE Feb. 28, 1928.

B. .1. PEPPER HEAT TRANSFER DEVICE 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 I NWQN Filed Jan. 27, 1925 orpgys Patented Febze, 1928.

UNITED STATESl PA'ri-:NTb ori-ica BYRON J. PEPPER, or FORT WAYNE, INDIANA.

HEAT-TRANSFER DEVIC.

Application led January 27,` 1925. Serial No. 5,098.

My invention relates to heat transiter de vices especially of the type commonly used in subjecting liquids to Pasteurizing or other f main mass oit liquid.

Third, removalof the treated liquid from the rotating mass Without generating foam or air bubbles. i

Among the advantages of the structural embodiment shown may be enumerated:

First, quick` removability of the bearings.

Second, improved clamping means t'or the heads carrying` the bearings. Y

Third, interchangeable intake connections `for convenience in installation.

Fourth. housing the intake control mechanism and the thermostat in the delivery passage inside the rotatingelements to cut down the overall length of thecomplete device.

Further objects and-advantages ofthe invention will become apparent as the descrip tion proceeds.

` ln the accompanying drawings:

Fig: 1 is a side elevation, withthe outer casing partially in vertical longitudinal sec` tion, of a heat transfer device according to the invention.

Fig. 2 is a horizontal section of the same on line 2 2 of Fig. 1. i i

Fig. 3 is a transverse section of Fig. 2.

Figs. 4 and 5 are a detailed sectionand end elevation of the` clamping means for the heads.

Fig. 6 is a perspective detail of the constant How valve. i

Figs. 7, 8 and 9 are diagrams indicating the action of the exit disc.

In the embodiment of the on line 3-3 invention selected for illustration, a suitable base 10 is steam chest 22 and an exhaust chest 24, both of annular shape. Duplicate stationary end castings 26 are bolted to opposite ends of the bodyl casting for detachably supporting` an intake head 28 and a delivery head 30, which I have illustrated as duplicates.

y Duplicate inner races 32 and `34 are l clamped in place on heads 28 and 30 be tween shoulders formed on said heads, and retaining shoulders on an inlet cap 36 and a delivery cap 38 threaded in place on said heads. The holder 4() for the outer race at the discharge end is provided With an annular groove to receive rubber ring 42, and an inner annular plate portion 44 forming an abutment for the outer ball race Which may be held in placeby a suitable retainer 46.

The inner edge ofplate 44 carries a short cylindricallip 48 entering a suitable groove in the delivery cap 38. InV addition to parts duplicating those of the outer race holder for the `delivery end, the outer race holder for the intake end includes an vaccelerator comprising a cylindrical portion 5() continued by a conical portion 52 terminating in an inturned lip 54. The

inlet cap 3G` is a cylindrical tube having an external flange defining an annular groove 56 and a pluralty of radial discharge ports 58.

The entering liquid `issuing from ports 58 impinges in the first instance on the conical poi'tionr52 of the accelerator and picksup the rotary speed thereof While traveling across thecylindrical portion 50 and before issuing from the radial discharge openings 60 to join the whirling mass of liquid, which preferably lies at substantially the radial distance indicated by the dotted line at 62.

Rubber rings 42, when the parts are not rotating, have asubstantially circular cross section and extend radially outward slightly beyond the periphery of holders 40 to make light surface contact with the end lip of casting 64, lying substantially tangent thereto. Under the centrifugal force of `high speed rotation the circular cross section of A the ringis distorted and flattened against casting 64 to form al firm mechanical connection and a tightseal between holder 40 and casting 64. Thus when the parts are not rotated, heads 28 and 3() and the rings 40 carried thereby, can be readily vlifted out and slipped into place although the mechanica-l connection between them, when the parts are rotated and such connection is necessary,

is entirely adequate to guide and support castings .64.

The entering liquid issuing from ports 58 impinges in the first instance on the conical portion 52 of the accelerator and picks up the rotary speed thereof while traveling across the cylindrical port-ion and before issuing from the radial discharge openings 30 to join the whirling mass of liquid, which preferably lies at substantially the radial distance indicated by the dotted liney at 62.

The central rotating casting Gb has radially corrugated flanges at its ends perinanently united as by welding, brazing', soldering7 or the like, with the ends of the radially corrugated liner 72 cmistitutiin` the heating drum proper.` intermediate ends it has a` plurality of similar sets of projections Tel terminating radially short of the inner ends of theV convolutions of drum 72 to leave clearance at 76 for axial flow of gaseous heatingfluid, and cut back at 7l' at intervals in such way as to let condensation travel along the casting` in a circuitous path. Suitable impulse channels 78 in an outwardly extending` flange on body 08 rc eivc the fluid issuing at high velocity from nozzles 80 in the stationary body, and at the other end radial ports 82 deliver the'tluid which has imparted first, its kinetic energy to the body 68 to rotate the same, and second, its sensiblev and preferably also its latent heat of vaporization to the drum 72. The inner ends of channels 78 are preferably set in a little radially by formingan annular projection 79, to prevent condensation from returningthrough the channels. H

Ports S2 open into exhaust chamber 2e communicating freely with the annular clearance 84- between castings 26 and G- at one end, the similar clearance atthe other end receivingl such slight leakage as may occur' from the open'joints around nozzles 80. The chamber also opens Slinto a horizontal exhaust chamber S0 at the bottoni of the stationary body, from which any suitable discharge means such pipe 88 provides an exit, and both end clearances also open into chamber 8G at 87. rlhe chamber 24 preferably provided with a relief valve 89, for safety in case other outlet means should be obstructed.

Inside the rotating parts, the liquid delivered from the accelerator G0 accumulates in the annular clarification cha. ibcr 90, passes axially over drum 72, and is accumulated again in chamber 92 at the other end.

Delivery cap 38 carries a flange 9-1 perforated by radial ducts 96. lie outer periphery of the disc grooved at 98 and the edges ot the groove rounded. Fie: 7 indicates diagrammatically the condition just before chamber 92 has filled up and delivery begins, The whirling` mass of liquid is indicated at 100. A slight rise of the liquid level will bring the surface into contact with the edges of the disc 9e and the liquid will almost instantaneously move to the position shown in Fig. 8 with the cumuli 102 riding` on either side of the disc, groove 9S filled with liquid and liquid moving` rapidly inward in the ducts 90. l believe the explanation of thisI plwnoinenon to be as follows: The liquid in Contact with the smooth peripheral surface of disc 0l will be rapidly slowed down asie its rotational velocity by friction at its surface of contact with the stationary disc. The portion of the liquid thus retarded is no long-ir capable of stayingout away from the centerand is rapidly pushed in by the other portions still moving at full velocity. rlhus the groove is kept filled and the outer surface of the disc continuously wiped by the inward protuberance at 102. rilhe centripetal action thus generated is so powerful that at Vnorma ratesl through the machine Fig. V8 will immediately rive place to the conditions,indicated 'in Fig. 9, with the liquid level moved back substantially to that shown in Fig. 7, the cumuli at .102 maintainingr'a seal as long as flew continues in suflicient quantities to keep the liquid level from receding beyond that showrL in Fig'. 9. The liquid vdelivered at the inner ends of passage 06 comes through entirely free from any foam or froth which might be generated by abrupt interruption `of the movement as byan ordinary scoop. As long as the cumuli 102 maintain the seal, the gas in contact with the liquid mass 'has no access to the discharge passages and the gent-le gradual retardation of the liquid moving up into the cumuli and into passage 96 does not whip the surface or ycause any material turbulence.' n Y Y lt is an interestingcoincidence that the rotational speed of a machine of given size must be increased whenk the rate of flow through it is increased in order tov treat the liquid properly, and because the eject-ing action on the disc is a function of the rotational speed, no material change in the capacity of passages 96 need be made inoperating a machine over substantially the entire range of loads of which it is otherwise capable.

The liquid delivered at the inner ends of passages is treated and ready to leave the device. It is also rdesirable to control the steam flow as a function of the temperature of the liquid leaving the device. I. have illustrated a thermostat comprising an annular chamber at 10e for the temperature sensitive fluid. To cut down on the overall length of the machine I form an inwardly extending,r cap 106 and let the thermostat chamber project axially into the vacant and otherwise useless space at the center of the device. ln this way a saving` in length equal to the distance the therniostat is telescoped into the tube is effected. The thermostat as a whole of flowv roeren is fastened iniplaceon head 30'by means of a` tlireadedf connection at 106` and comprises thev cliamben 1045 and1 a. storage chamber at 110 from which a connectingtubeV 112 extends to a. suitable steam control valve.. As the'1ge11eral type of. thermostat involved is old and. Well known inthe arti. and. the ad! vantages` of the particular form of thermostat I prefer to employ are madethe subject matte-rot my co-pending application, Serial No. 5,754, liled Jan. 30, 1925, further detailed description of the thermostat is deemedi unnecessary.

Although the-exit disc'94; vvill` satisfacto rily take care of alwide variation in rate of lfo\v and the` automatic thermostat control will provide the necessary variations in speed of rotation and heat supply, it is pref# erableinV practice to` operate the machine at a substantially constant load: either as large as it` can properly handle for the sake of capaoity;onthat ati which it functions most efficiently for the sake off economy: in power. Furthermore. Where the machine is to receive its supply from alargc andrathcr dcepcoir tainer` located only' slightly above the level of the machine, the effective headon the inlet tothe'machinei Will decrease as the container isA emptied', to a, very small` fraction of the initial pressure When` the container is full.`

Valve `114? slides freely in inlet cap 36, being urged inward' by the pressure of the incomingi liquid and outward by the varying tensioniot` al .sutablecOl spring 116.` At the minimum supply pressur'eaty which the ma.- chineis intended to operate it preferably occupieszthe position shown.` inn Fig. 2 with substantially the entire area of groove 56 open through tliel valve ports to receive the liquid;- The valve ports comprise` a plurality. ot tapered slots, in this instance four,

flaring at their ends as at 126.4 A` narrow peripheral connectionA at 124. unites that portion ot the valve outsidethe' diaphragm 126 witlr the cupiportion 1281 receiving spring 116'. It will be apparent that any increase of pressure at: 130`Willpushthevalveto the right and cover ai portion of groove56. By properly shaping the slots 118 according' to curves that. can becomputed With matheinatical precision. automatic control'vof the iioivA tolremain; substantiallyconstant over a predetermined ranger of pressures: can be easily obtained. An openingA at 132 is provided to prevent disturbance ofthe automatic action by' the pressure of air which would otliervvisebev stored` in the cavityhousing spring 116. i

of theheads 28 and 30 is provided withr two diametrically opposedbosses 134 bifurcated to receive suitable quick detachable clamping devices. `I have illustrated housing. 136 threaded into suitable apertures inl castings 26. Each housing'receives a apring 136,. encircling; a. bolt 140` shouldered at 142to receive thetlirust ofi the springend i again at 144:` to `constitute a. positive. strop;v A. handle' 146 is threaded on t e projecting endiof the bolt 140`and has a head148 which in the position shown in full lines in Fig. 5 overlies` the bifurcation ot' boss 134 and in the dotted line position fits between .said bifurcations to permit removal` of the head. In the locked position, the engagement be tween. head 148 and its boss is intended to bring shoulder 144 snug against its abutment. lVhenever Wear on the parts develops material looseness the play can be taken up by loosening lock4 nut 150 and threading the handle down` on the bolt. lhen the head is not in place spring 138 pulls the lever against the casing 136 so that it will not dangle loosely and be in theway Vin assembling the' parts.

Each` head is preferably provided with a suitable sight-feed oiling device 152 to deliver a suitable supply of lubricant to the bearings. i i i Then the device is to be cleaned or in` spected, bothheads can be lifted out of place very quickly. For afthorough cleaning,one ofthe heads may be. replaced by a solid plug, and the machine, with its axis turned vertical, can be filled with a cleaning solution and let stand indefinitely. In this position it can also be conveniently scrubbed and sWabbed out.

rllrunnions 20 .permit this manipulation. ot y the device Without in any Way` interfering with the connections for the` steam supply. The duplicate trunnions permit such conncction to beA conveniently made at either'side oli' the machine, one trunnion receivingthe stcamsupply pipe 154;: carrying flangeV 156 clamped `in place against packing 158 a retaining ring 160 provided with a suitable lock nut 162; and the other trunnion receiving a simple plug164. Vhen the machine is in operation trunnions 20 will preferably be clamped against rotation by suitable inanually operated.,clamps166 whiehmay readily be relieved to permit tilting of the machine when that is desired.

lithout further elaboration,` the foregoing Will so fully explain the gist of: my invention, that others may,.by applying current knowledge, `readily adapt the same for use under various conditions of service, without eliminating certain features which may properly be said to constitute the essential items of novelty involved, which items are intended'to be defined` and secured to me by the following claims.

i I claim:

1 A liquid treating device comprising a rotating drum, an annular accelerator in the intake end of said drum, a stationary axial inlet tube ytelescoped inside said accelerator and extending axially inward beyond the saine,r ports; in Seidl tube:l at the inner. end of said accelerator to deliver liquid thereto, a constant llowy valve sliding in said tube over said ports, and a positioning spring housed in the inner end of said tube and acting on said valve.

2. Ac liquid treating device comprising a rotating drum, a stationary inlet, and an accelerator comprising an annular shell rotating with the drum and positioned to receive the liquid troni said inlet, said accelerator having delivery ports opening radially outward in the drinn and oll'set axially troni the plane ot the inlet.

3. A liquid treating device comprising a rotating drum, a stationary inlet, and an accelerator comprising an annular shell rotating with the drinn and positioned to receive the liquid from said inlet, and said accelerator having delivery ports ope-ning radially outward in the drinn.

l. A liquid treating device comprising a rotating drinn, a stationary inlet, and an accelerator comprising an annular shell rotating with the drinn aiul positioned to receive the liquid Vtrom said inlet, said accelerator comprising a hollow cone` to receive liquid from the. inlet ata small radius and convey it out and axially to one side, a cylinder continuing the base of said cone to convey the liquid further in an axial direction, and ports at the end of said cylinder remote `from said cone.

A discharge ineansffor taking liquid troni the inside ot a hollow rotating mass comprising a disc having its periphery defined by surfaces of revolution, said disc having radial exit ports opening at said periphery. f

'6. A discharge means for taking liquid trom the inside ot ay hollow rotating mass vcomprising a smooth dise having a grooved periphery, and radial ports leading inward iroin the bottom of said groove,

7. A discharge nieans for taking liquid frein the inside of a hollow rotating mass, comprising a stationaiy body having a radially extending passage with an open outer end, forming means for retarding the liquid adjacent said end without yturbulence to `generate an inwardly extending annular protuberance covering and sealing said open end.

S. A discharge means for taking liquid from the inside of a hollow rotating mass, comprising a stationary body having a radially extending passage with an open outer end, forming means 'for retarding the liquid adjacent said end to generate au inwardly extending annular protuherance covering and sealing said open end.

9. A liquid treating device comprising a stationary casing, a rotary casing inside the same,anti-friction bearings having races at the ends ot said casings, and mechanical connections including a resilient ring between the rotary casing and the adjacent races et the anti-frictionbearings held in assembled relation by centrifugal force and resiliently disconnected when rotation ceases.

10. A liquid treating device comprising a stationary casing, a rotary casing inside the saine, anti-friction bearings having races at the ends of said easings, and mechanical connections including a resilient ring between the rotary casing and the adjacent races of the anti-'friction bearings held in assembled relation by centrifugal rorce.

l1. A liquid treating device comprising a stationary casing, a rotary casing inside the saine, anti-friction bearings at the ends of said casings, having inner and outer rings and an anti-friction rotary connection between said rings, said rotary casing having a ring at each end telescoped with one of the rings of the bearings, an annular groove in the outer periphery ot the inner one of said telescoped rings, the opposing surface of the other ring being flat, and a resilient rubber ring seated in said groove and adaptedl to eXp-and centritugally linto firm contact with the encircling ring when the parts are rotating.

12. A liquid treating device comprising a stationary casing, a rotary casing inside the saine, anti-friction bearings at the Vends of said casings, having inner and outer rings and an anti-friction rotary connection between said rings, said rotary casing having a ring at each end telescoped with one of the rings oitI the bearings, and means seated on one of said telescoped rings and adapted to expand centrifugally into iirm Contact with the other ring` when the parts are rotating;

13. .A liquid treating device comprising a stationary outer casing, a rotary inner casing, heads on the end of said Vouter easing, anti-friction bearings on said heads supporting said inner casing, quick detachable connections between said'stationary casing and said heads, and detachable connections between said bearings and said rotary casino.

14, ln a liquid treating means having a stationary easing, heads on the ends thereof, and a rotary casing journaled on saidl heads and on said stationary casing, two diametrically opposed bi'iurcated bosses on each head, and quick detachable connections cooperating with said bosses to clamp said heads in place, each connection comprising a bolt axiilly slidable on said stationary casing and passing through the bifurcation, a handle on the outer end ot said bolt rotatable about the axis thereof to over-lie said bifurcations or to clear them, a spring acting axially on said bolt to press inwardly on said handle against the bifurcations, shoulders on said bolt and its support limiting outward nieveinent of the bolt, and axial adjustment means between bolt and handle to bring said shoulders snug when the head is clamped in place.

los

lill

iso j slidable on said stationary casing `and pass` l5. ln a liquid treating means having a stationary casing, and heads` on the ends thereof, bifurcated bosses on eachhead, and quick detachable connections co-operating with said bosses to clamp said heads in place, eachv connection comprising a bolt axially ing through the bifurcation, a handle on the outer end of said bolt rotatable about the axis thereof to overlie said bifurcations or to clear them, a spring acting axially on said bolt to pressi inwardly on said handle, shoulders on said bolt and its support limiting outward movement of the bolt, and axial adjustment means between bolt and handle to bring said shoulders snug when the head is clamped in place.

16. IA liquid treating device comprisinga relatively stationary casing, a rotor telescoped inside said casing, said casing having chambers and passages to receive fluid for driving and heating said rotor, hollow trunnions pivoting said casing on an axis at an angle to the axis of rotation of said motor, both trunnions opening into the same chamber in said casing, fluid supply means connected through one trunnion, a plug in the other trunnion, said rotor having open ends, and detachable heads carried bysaid casing and closing the ends of said rotor.

17. `A liquid treating device comprising a relatively stationary casing, an open-ended rotor telescoped inside said casing, means on the outside of said rotor and inside of said casing for driving and heating said rotor, heads detachably mounted on said casing and covering the open ends of said rotor, and intake and outlet means for liquid inside said rotor carried by said heads and telescoped in said rotor,said intake means including a cylindrical constant flow valve housed in said rotor, and said outlet means including a tubular thermometer bulb form ing an exit passage and telescoped in said rotor, a reverse low tubular casing housing said bulb and conveying liquid from the end of said rotorto the inner end of the bulb,`

and a collecting disc at the outer end of said reverse flow casing.

18. A liquid treating device comprising a relatively stationar casing, an `open ended rotor telescoped inside said casing, means on the outside of said rotor and inside of said casing for driving and heating said rotor, heads detachably mounted on said casing and covering the open ends of said rotor,

and intake and outlet means for liquid inside" said rotor carried by said heads and telescoped in said rotor, said intake means including a cylindrical constant flow valve housed in said rotor, and vsaid outlet means including a tubular thermometer bulb forming an exit passage and telescoped in said rotor, and a reverse flow tubular casing housing said bulb and conveying liquid from veying liquid from the end of said rotor to `the inner end of the bulb.`

20. A liquid treating device comprising an open-ended rotor,` and .intake `and outlet means for liquid'telescoped inside said rotor, said intake means including a cylindrical constant flow valve housed in said rotor, and

`said outlet means including a tubular thermometer bulb forming an exit passage and telescoped in said rotor, a reverse How tubular casing housingsaid bulb and conveying liquid from the end of said rotor to the inner end of the bulb, and collecting means at the outer end of said reverse flow casing.

21.'A` liquid treating device comprising an open-ended rotor, and intake and outlet means for liquid telescoped inside said rotor, said intake means including a cylindrical constant low valve housed in said rotor, and

said outlet means including a tubular thermometer bulb forming an exit passage and telescoped in said rotor, a reverse flow tubular casing housing said bulb and conveying liquid from the end of said rotor to the inner end of the bulb, and collecting means at the outer end of said reverse flow casing.

22. A liquid treating device comprising an open-ended rotor, and intake and outlet means for liquid telescoped inside said rotor, said intake means includinga cylindrical constant flow valve and said outlet means including a tubular thermometer bulb forming an exit passage, and a reverse flow tubular casing housing said bulb.

23. A liquid treating device comprising an open-ended rotor, and intake and outlet means for liquid telescoped inside said rotor, said intake means 'including `a cylindrical constant flow valve housed in said rotor, and said outlet meansincluding a tubular thermometer bulb forming an exit passage.

24. A liquid treating device comprising an open-ended rotor, and intake and outlet means for liquid inside said rotor, said intake means including a cylindrical constant flow valve housed in said rotor.

25. A liquid treating means comprising a casing, a` rotor telescoped therein, and means on the outside of the rotor and on the inside of the casing for driving said receive fluid from said nozzles, said rotorv having two Walls defining an annular chamber With a substantially cylindrical outer Wall, and an annular protuberanee project.- ing inward slightly from said Wall, said passages opening through said protuberance.

26. In a liquid treating device having a revolving drum mounted to rotate at high speed and maintain a whirling mass of liquid in annular shape therein and having` an outlet tube, means for transferring liquid from the 'moving mass to the outlet tube comprising a stationary dise having a radial passage therethrough communicating With the outlet tube and extending to the periphery of the dise.

27. In a liquid treating device having a revolving drum mounted to rotate at high speed and maintain a whirling mass of liquid in annular shape therein Aand having yan outlet tube, means for transferring liquid from the moving mass to the outlet tube comprising a stationary disc having radial passages therethrough communicating Withf BYRON J. PEPPER. 

